Other (Music) Activities

In this Imagine Dragons Percussion MEGABundle, you will get great resources, a mix of bucket drumming arrangements, rhythm basketball, rhythm stick read-alongs, and body percussion at a 15% discount off of each one!

WHY IMAGINE DRAGONS?

• Great compositions, safe for ears, and engaging music for all grades (battle anthems for most of the boys as well -- surely a hit for them!)

Arrangements are designed from 4th grade all the way up to middle school, so these are typically designed for some of the older kids.

For notation:

• All regular notation is to be played on the buckets (or drums, or ground, however you wish),

• The X notation that is stacked with quarter notes are played as shots (think like a marching band snare drum -- playing the drum and stick simultaneously as a rimshot or on top of each other -- whatever will you get you the best accent!)

• The X notation (with a down stem) are played as stick clicks above their head (or you could apply it to a tambourine or other auxiliary instrument)

For the Rhythm Basketball:

• Your students will each have a basketball (can be regulation size or smaller) and bounce their ball on the ground each time they see an ornament icon. Each ornament icon is denoted as a quarter note. The rests are in between each ball for the students to hold the ball. Any smaller ornaments (grouped in two) will be played as 2 eighth note pairs and students will have to lower themselves a foot or two to dribble eighth notes on the floor

• There's also a "pat" icon with a hand below the ornament icon itself, so you will have the student hold the basketball in one hand and pat the ball on the beat

**THIS PRODUCT WILL BE CHANGING FROM A SINGLE DOWNLOADABLE PRODUCT, TO A BUNDLE INCLUDING THE CORE 7 LEVELS EFFECTIVE JULY 1st 2024**

You need your students to learn their Music Alphabet, and fast, and it needs to be interactive...and you need to integrate technology...whew, that's a lot! You've found a great product that rolls the Music Alphabet into a fun, fast-paced game! NoteStackers is a new game from ZS Music Publishing where students have to quickly think of how the alphabet moves back and forth.

Primer Level is the Music Alphabet.

Level 1 Is Bass F to Treble G (Middle C Position).

Level 2 is Middle C to Treble C.

Level 3 is Middle C to Bass C.

Level 4 is Treble C to High C.

Level 5 is Bass C to Low C.

Level 6 is Low C to High C.

Set up is simple: Just print, cut and play! There are 8 cards on a page, with two notes on each page. Each note has a card front and optional card back. Every level also as a different shape on the card incase you purchase and use multiple levels with your students. The card backs contain the level name in color, which you can print in black and white on white paper, or colored paper or card stock. For durability, you can laminate these cards as well. This product is reproducible, so you can make as many copies as you wish.

Playing the game is fun and easy! Players take turns putting down cards in order of the music alphabet. Cards that can be plated should have the same letter, one letter before, or one letter after the letter that’s on the play pile - essentially step down, same note, or step up. (For example, if the card in play is C, players can put down B, C, or D. If the card in play is A, players can put down G, A, or B.) After a player has put down a card, they should draw another, as each player should have five cards during the game. 

The game will end either when the draw pile as been depleted, or when the teacher decides time is up. If time is still going and the draw pile has depleted, players can use the play pile as the new draw pile.

Check out our other NoteStackers products by clicking here.

You need your students to learn their Music Alphabet, and fast, and it needs to be interactive...and you need to integrate technology...whew, that's a lot! You've found a great product that rolls the Music Alphabet into a printable, interactive, and digital product all in one! NoteStackers Digital Edition is a new game from ZS Music Publishing where students have to quickly think of how the alphabet moves back and forth.

Primer Level is the Music Alphabet.

Level 1 Is Bass F to Treble G (Middle C Position).

Level 2 is Middle C to Treble C.

Level 3 is Middle C to Bass C.

Level 4 is Treble C to High C.

Level 5 is Bass C to Low C.

Level 6 is Low C to High C.

Set up is simple: Just print and play! There are two types of pages in the PDF document: Ink-friendly with a white background, and full-color backgrounds for online lesson use. If you plan to print pages out, lamination is suggested for the longevity of the pages, or you can print multiple pages on a sheet for exit tickets, worksheets, and more! The full-color background pages are great for projecting on whiteboards, online lessons, and other digital uses! This product is reproducible, so you can make as many copies as you wish.

Playing the game is as simple as set up! Each page has a note in the middle, and students must think of the note that comes before and after the given note. Then, the correct note is written into the grey boxes on the left and right sides, along with the note name. You can play this in a private lesson setting, or as a whole class! Since this is a flashcard-type game, you can play this for as long as needed, say for a bell-ringer, or for those last five minutes of the class.

Bonus Gameplay: For a twist on the game, you can have students practice intervals and think of 3rds, 4ths, 5ths, etc instead of 2nds or steps as the game is set up for. This would be a great way for students to learn and practice the circle of 5ths and circle of 4ths.

Be on the lookout for the companion card-game, and future levels of NoteStackers, coming soon!

In the Tubano MEGAPACK! you get 14 great Tubano drumming arrangements all prices at 20% off when purchase here together!

These range from easy to difficult and are great for all ages, either taught by rote or taught by reading.

With 14 different arrangements from 3/4, 4/4, and 6/8 at various tempi you prescribe, the fun never ends! :)

Use these extension lessons for "Bear Says Thanks", "Bear Snores On", "Bear Feels Sick", "Bear's New Friend", "Bear's Loose Tooth", "Bear Feels Scared", "Bear Wants More", "Bear Stays Up" and "Bear Can't Sleep" by Karma Wilson to teach quarter rest, new solfege syllables, play along on the recorder, play ostinati, rhythm vs. steady beat, practice decoding and rhythm matching using additional worksheets and talk about the importance of gratitude! Great for use all year long and can be used without the books also. Worksheets included can be used and assigned digitally through Google Classroom. Adaptable for grades PreK-3rd grade.

REMINDERS

1. If you have any questions about this product or any of my products, feel free to email me at creatingmusicalliterature@gmail.com

2. Your purchase of this product is for SINGLE USE ONLY. Please purchase additional licenses to share with other teachers. Copyright © 2022 Creating Musical Literature. All rights reserved.

3. Leave a comment down below in order to earn TeachShare credits! I would love to hear how you and your students have been enjoying my products!

_________________________________________________________

LET'S CONNECT ON SOCIALS!

INSTAGRAM: @creatingmusicalliterature

PINTEREST: @creatingmusicalliterature

FACEBOOK: @creatingmusicalliterature

Using these lesson extensions for the books "'Slowly, Slowly, Slowly,' said the Sloth", "The Very Hungry Caterpillar", and "Does the Kangaroo Have a Mother, Too?" teach fast vs. slow, triplets, and rhythm vs. steady beat. Use the extension lesson for "Rooster's Off to See the World", "Dream Snow" and "The Very Lonely Firefly", to introduce and review the so-mi-la and mi-re-do solfege combination. Use lessons for "From Head to Toe" and "Little Cloud" to move and explore shapes in your classroom. Use "The Very Quiet Cricket" to teach steady beat and whisper voice. Finally, use the book "Pancakes, Pancakes" to teach sixteenth note rhythms. Have the children move and play along, and then reinforce their knowledge with additional worksheets. Adaptable for grades PreK-3rd grade. Worksheets can be printed or used digitally.

REMINDERS

1. If you have any questions about this product or any of my products, feel free to email me at creatingmusicalliterature@gmail.com

2. Your purchase of this product is for SINGLE USE ONLY. Please purchase additional licenses to share with other teachers. Copyright © 2023 Creating Musical Literature. All rights reserved.

3. Leave a comment down below in order to earn TeachShare credits! I would love to hear how you and your students have been enjoying my products!

_________________________________________________________

LET'S CONNECT ON SOCIALS!

INSTAGRAM: @creatingmusicalliterature

PINTEREST: @creatingmusicalliterature

FACEBOOK: @creatingmusicalliterature

Gearing up for August and September and need to infuse something rhythm games, activities, assessments for your intermediate level kids? Look no further than the _Back-2-Schoo_l RHYTHM MegaBundle with 8 separate resources @ 15% off when purchased here together!

From body percussion and movement activities to center games and ensemble games played as a class, you'll never run out of things to do your first few months :)

Check out the products below to see if they fit into your curriculum and let me know if you have any questions!

Use these wonderful books to teach the importance of caring, friendship, dealing with anxiety, gratitude as well as discussing overall wishes for a better world. Students will sing, chant and learn about rhythm and steady beat. The songs and chants can be used either with the books or separately. Adaptable for grades PreK-3rd grade and can be used either during the holidays such as Valentine's Day, Passover, and Thanksgiving or any other time of year that students need lessons about love for one another, caring and gratitude.

REMINDERS

1. If you have any questions about this product or any of my products, feel free to email me at creatingmusicalliterature@gmail.com

2. Your purchase of this product is for SINGLE USE ONLY. Please purchase additional licenses to share with other teachers. Copyright © 2022 Creating Musical Literature. All rights reserved.

3. Leave a comment down below in order to earn TeachShare credits! I would love to hear how you and your students have been enjoying my products!

_________________________________________________________

LET'S CONNECT ON SOCIALS!

INSTAGRAM: @creatingmusicalliterature

PINTEREST: @creatingmusicalliterature

FACEBOOK: @creatingmusicalliterature

Using these classic books, teach your students about quarter rest! Sing/chant/play along with the rhymes I wrote for the books and add in rhythm sticks for fun! Then use the beat charts and worksheets to reinforce decoding skills as well as teach students to listen and recognize rests as well as practice writing them. "Bear's New Friend" and "Bear Feels Scared" also have recorder and barred instrument parts that would be fun for the older grades. "Bear Can't Sleep" has an ostinato part as well. Worksheets can be printed or assigned digitally through the Easel function. Adaptable for grades PreK-3.

REMINDERS

1. If you have any questions about this product or any of my products, feel free to email me at creatingmusicalliterature@gmail.com

2. Your purchase of this product is for SINGLE USE ONLY. Please purchase additional licenses to share with other teachers. Copyright © 2022 Creating Musical Literature. All rights reserved.

3. Leave a comment down below in order to earn TeachShare credits! I would love to hear how you and your students have been enjoying my products!

_________________________________________________________

LET'S CONNECT ON SOCIALS!

INSTAGRAM: @creatingmusicalliterature

PINTEREST: @creatingmusicalliterature

FACEBOOK: @creatingmusicalliterature

Looking for a fun, exciting, challenging, and engaging way to reach students in your upper elementary or lower middle school grades? Try this all-inclusive lesson that will get your kids racing against the clock and each other with **The Great Escape!

**This MEGAPack includes Escape Rooms from Instruments and Instrument Families, Rhythm, and Notes of the Treble Clef Staff

You can view each individual lesson here, but purchased all together as this resource, you save 25%!

MUSIC ESCAPE ROOM - Instruments and Instrument Families

MUSIC ESCAPE ROOM - Super Rhythm Rally!

**
MUSIC ESCAPE ROOM - Notes of the Treble Clef Staff!**

There are five rooms, and in each room are several "tasks" students will have to perform (either individually, as a class, A vs B, side by side, or however you wish). As soon as the task is completed, advance the slide for the correct answer (the teacher will control the game).

After a certain number of tasks, a key will be issued to exit the room and head into another room with a different set of tasks.

If students complete all tasks and open the door to all five rooms they win the game!

You can play this one of four ways

• Set a timer (5 minutes, 10 minutes, etc). You can designate how long students should receive to complete the entire game
• Keep track of time to beat another class or grade level
• Keep track of time and try again during another class to name it faster
• Play it side vs side, boys vs girls, and see who can get to the end the fastest (or before time ends)

If you would like music to accompany this to make it a bit more engaging, try using this in the background:

Escape Room Background Music

Accelerate your students' music theory skills with the Music Theory Speed Tests Bundle! This comprehensive collection of speed tests is designed to reinforce essential music theory concepts, helping students improve their speed, accuracy, and confidence in identifying key elements of music notation.

What’s Included:

1. Note Naming Speed Tests:

• Treble Clef and Bass Clef note identification.
• Students quickly name notes on the staff, building fluency in reading music.

1. Intervals Speed Tests:

• Two levels of difficulty: Interval Number and Interval Number with Quality.
• Covers all intervals from Perfect Unison to Perfect Octave.

1. Rhythm Note Duration Speed Tests:

• Two types: Single Note Duration and Combined Note Duration.
• Students identify and calculate the beats for notes and rests, including quarter, eighth, half, dotted half, and whole notes and their corresponding rests.

1. Key Signature Identification Speed Tests:

• Covers both Major and Minor key signatures.
• Students quickly identify key signatures, reinforcing their understanding of scales and tonality.

Bonus:

• Answer Keys Included for All Tests: Each speed test comes with a comprehensive answer key, making it easy to check students' work and provide immediate feedback.

How It Works:

• Engaging Practice: These speed tests are perfect for quick drills, timed quizzes, or competitive games, making music theory practice fun and dynamic.
• Comprehensive Coverage: This bundle covers a wide range of music theory topics, ensuring that students develop a well-rounded understanding of essential concepts.
• Flexible Use: Ideal for classroom activities, private lessons, or at-home practice, with tests that can be used as warm-ups, assessments, or challenges.

Why You’ll Love It:

• Builds Speed & Accuracy: Designed to help students quickly and accurately identify notes, intervals, rhythms, and key signatures—essential skills for any musician.
• Simple & Effective: Easy to integrate into any music curriculum, with clear instructions and a focus on critical theory concepts.
• Versatile Resource: Suitable for students at various levels, from beginners to more advanced learners who need a quick refresher or extra practice.

Perfect for:

• Music Classrooms: A great tool for reinforcing music theory skills in a group setting, encouraging friendly competition and rapid learning.
• Private Lessons: Use these speed tests as a quick warm-up or challenge to keep students engaged and focused.
• At-Home Practice: Parents can use these resources to support their child's music education in a fun and interactive way.

With the Music Theory Speed Tests Bundle, you’ll have everything you need to help your students master the fundamentals of music theory. The included answer keys ensure that grading is quick and easy, allowing you to focus on helping your students excel. Add this bundle to your teaching toolkit and watch your students' skills soar!

This is for a complete set of 10 assignments.
Key Features:

• Concise 4-Paragraph Format: Breaks down topics into manageable sections for maximum understanding.
• Four Comprehension Questions: Encourages critical thinking and tests knowledge effectively.
• Answer Key Included: Simplifies grading and ensures accurate evaluation.
• Multi-Purpose Use: Ideal for lessons, homework, assessments, or review activities.
• Wide Topic Range: Covers 10 essential music theory topics.

Visit my store today for bundle deals on this series and discover other engaging, ready-to-use assignments for your classroom needs!

You need your students to learn their Music Alphabet, and fast, and it needs to be interactive...and you need to integrate technology...whew, that's a lot! You've found a great product that rolls the Music Alphabet into a fun, fast-paced game!

NoteStackers is a new game from ZS Music Publishing where students have to quickly think of how the alphabet moves back and forth. NoteStackers Primer uses only alphabet letters, so they won't need to know notes on the staff just yet!

This version of the game includes sharps and flats for each music alphabet letter: A♭, A, A♯, B♭, B, B♯, C♭, C, C♯, D♭, D, D♯, E♭, E, E♯, F♭, F, F♯, G♭, G, G♯. We added the accidentals so you can play the game with older students and dive into advanced concepts!

Set up is simple: Just print, cut and play! There are 8 cards on a page, with one letter on each page. Each Music Alphabet letter has a card front and optional card back. Every level also as a different shape on the card incase you purchase and use multiple levels with your students. The card backs contain the level name in color, which you can print in black and white on white paper, or colored paper or card stock. For durability, you can laminate these cards as well. This product is reproducible, so you can make as many copies as you wish.

Playing the game is fun and easy! Players take turns putting down cards in order of the music alphabet. Cards that can be plated should have the same letter, one letter before, or one letter after the letter that’s on the play pile - essentially step down, same note, or step up. (For example, if the card in play is C, players can put down B, C, or D. If the card in play is A, players can put down G, A, or B.) After a player has put down a card, they should draw another, as each player should have five cards during the game. 

The game will end either when the draw pile as been depleted, or when the teacher decides time is up. If time is still going and the draw pile has depleted, players can use the play pile as the new draw pile.

Send the game home! We've recently updated the product with an instruction page so you can send a set of the game home with students and they can play with their family and friends!

Check out our other NoteStackers products by clicking here.

Did you know you can earn TeachShare credit toward future purchases?! It's true! If you've used the product and enjoy it, be sure to come back to give it a review and rating to receive your credit and so other teachers can see how awesome this game is!

This resource is licensed for duplication, but you may not share it with others. Be sure to send them here to grab their own set of the game!

Your support of a small business is greatly appreciated!

Catalog: MTP-NSPB-DG

© 2021/2024 ZS Music Publishing. All Rights Reserved.

Use these books to teach rhythm versus steady beat as well as review solfege syllables and hand signs by singing the chants on a so-mi. Add pitched and un-pitched percussion as well. Additional worksheets and rhythm/beat charts help to reinforce decoding skills and teach about quarter rest. Can be used across multiple grade levels PreK-2nd grade as well as separately from the books if needed.

REMINDERS

1. If you have any questions about this product or any of my products, feel free to email me at creatingmusicalliterature@gmail.com

2. Your purchase of this product is for SINGLE USE ONLY. Please purchase additional licenses to share with other teachers. Copyright © 2022 Creating Musical Literature. All rights reserved.

3. Leave a comment down below in order to earn TeachShare credits! I would love to hear how you and your students have been enjoying my products!

_________________________________________________________

LET'S CONNECT ON SOCIALS!

INSTAGRAM: @creatingmusicalliterature

PINTEREST: @creatingmusicalliterature

FACEBOOK: @creatingmusicalliterature

In a fast-paced society, you need resources you can quickly pull out and quickly use for your students to work on essential skills...quickly!

We're introducing our new 3-note Big Sight Reading Cards!

This set includes 162 pages of cards that use the notes A, B, and C!

These cards are both in black and white, and color-coordinated with popular pitched percussion instruments: Purple for A, Pink for B, and Red for C.

The cool part of these cards is their versatility! How are sight reading cards versatile? Lemme tell you. You can use these cards to:

• Introduce Sight reading individually or in a group.
• Assess Sight Reading skills individually or in a group.
• Composing (or "arranging" a song) for students to play, individually or in a group.

It's almost like how Alton Brown likes to cook, we like to use resources that are "multi-taskers"...so you have more band for your buck!

Your support of a small business is greatly appreciated! Please note that while this resource is reproducible, you may only use this with your students. The resource license is not transferrable to other school or teachers.

Catalog: MTP-ABSM-DG

© 2024 ZS Music Publishing. All Rights Reserved.

In a fast-paced society, you need resources you can quickly pull out and quickly use for your students to work on essential skills...quickly!

We're introducing our new 3-note Big Sight Reading Cards!

This set includes 162 pages of cards that use the notes F, G, and A.

These cards are both in black and white, and color-coordinated with popular pitched percussion instruments. Bright Green for F, Dark Green for G, and Purple for A.

The cool part of these cards is their versatility! How are sight reading cards versatile? Lemme tell you. You can use these cards to:

• Introduce Sight reading individually or in a group.
• Assess Sight Reading skills individually or in a group.
• Composing (or "arranging" a song) for students to play, individually or in a group.

It's almost like how Alton Brown likes to cook, we like to use resources that are "multi-taskers"...so you have more band for your buck!

Your support of a small business is greatly appreciated! Please note that while this resource is reproducible, you may only use this with your students. The resource license is not transferrable to other school or teachers.

Catalog: MTP-FBSM-DG

© 2023 ZS Music Publishing. All Rights Reserved.

In a fast-paced society, you need resources you can quickly pull out and quickly use for your students to work on essential skills...quickly!

We're introducing our new 3-note Big Sight Reading Cards!

This set includes 162 pages of cards that use the notes C, D, and E.

These cards are both in black and white, and color-coordinated with popular pitched percussion instruments. Red for C, Orange for D, and Yellow for E.

The cool part of these cards is their versatility! How are sight reading cards versatile? Lemme tell you. You can use these cards to:

• Introduce Sight reading individually or in a group.
• Assess Sight Reading skills individually or in a group.
• Composing (or "arranging" a song) for students to play, individually or in a group.

It's almost like how Alton Brown likes to cook, we like to use resources that are "multi-taskers"...so you have more band for your buck!

Your support of a small business is greatly appreciated! Please note that while this resource is reproducible, you may only use this with your students. The resource license is not transferrable to other school or teachers.

Catalog: MTP-CBSM-DG

© 2023 ZS Music Publishing. All Rights Reserved.

You need your students to learn their Music Alphabet, and fast, and it needs to be interactive...and you need to integrate technology...whew, that's a lot! You've found a great product that rolls the Music Alphabet into a printable, interactive, and digital product all in one! NoteStackers Digital Edition is a new game from ZS Music Publishing where students have to quickly think of how the alphabet moves back and forth. NoteStackers Level 6 uses Low C through High C.

Set up is simple: Just print and play! There are two types of pages in the PDF document: Ink-friendly with a white background, and full-color backgrounds for online lesson use. If you plan to print pages out, lamination is suggested for the longevity of the pages, or you can print multiple pages on a sheet for exit tickets, worksheets, and more! The full-color background pages are great for projecting on whiteboards, online lessons, and other digital uses! This product is reproducible, so you can make as many copies as you wish.

Playing the game is as simple as set up! Each page has a note in the middle, and students must think of the note that comes before and after the given note. Then, the correct note is written into the grey boxes on the left and right sides, along with the note name. You can play this in a private lesson setting, or as a whole class! Since this is a flashcard-type game, you can play this for as long as needed, say for a bell-ringer, or for those last five minutes of the class.

Bonus Gameplay: For a twist on the game, you can have students practice intervals and think of 3rds, 4ths, 5ths, etc instead of 2nds or steps as the game is set up for. This would be a great way for students to learn and practice the circle of 5ths and circle of 4ths.

Be on the lookout for the companion card-game, and future levels of NoteStackers, coming soon!

Brighten up your students love of learning the note names on the staff! Give them a good review of the notes with our Summer-themed Big Sun Staff Puzzles.

These puzzles feature 1 sun on a page which you cut down the middle and shuffle the pages up for students to identify the correct note names by matching each side of the sun.

Pages in this resource also include both sharp and flat key names so you can use these puzzles with your older students working on the enharmonics.

The note names you'll find in this resource are:

• B#
• C
• C#
• D♭
• D
• D#
• E♭
• E
• E#
• F♭
• F
• F#
• G♭
• G
• G#
• A♭
• A
• A#
• B♭
• B
• C♭

In total, there are 180 pages of puzzles for you to print, cut and play with your students! The first 90 pages have the position names with the note names (Low, Bass, Middle, Treble High, and the last 90 pages do not have position names with the note names.

Your support of our small business is greatly appreciated!

Catalog: MTP-BSP3-DG

© 2024 ZS Music Publishing. All Rights Reserved.

Everyone, and I mean everyone, loves a fun and quick game of Tic-Tac-Toe! And I'm willing to bet every teacher loves a fun and quick way to review concepts with their students. This resource is a perfect combination of both!

Tic-Tac-Key is NO PREP printable game set that you can use with students in private lessons, group lessons, and piano classes! This set uses all the white keys in two different key sets: C-D-E-F-G-A-B and F-G-A-B-C-D-E.

Gameplay is easy!

1. Select one of the pages to use with your students.
2. Players will choose one of the given key to play rather than Xs and Os. (Ex: players can choose F or G on the first page). 
3. Students will play like normal Tic-Tac-Toe using a pencil or other writing utensil. Just like Tic-Tac-Toe, three in a Row Wins!
4. On the Four-Game page, best three out of four wins!

And game assembly is even easier! This resource is a no-prep, ready-to-go game to print and play with your students! However, if you’d like to reuse pages, you are more than welcome to print on thicker paper and/or laminate pages for durability and longevity.

The game pages are solely in black and white, so you can print on colored paper to make the game pop a little more, OR to separate the different games out. I would suggest laminating the Big Game pages so you can use dry-erase markers with them. You can also use the Big Game pages with your younger students.

There are 118 game pages in the resource, from all three sets of Tic-Tac-Key:

• Set 1: Using the C, D, E keys.
• Set 2: Using the F, G, A, B keys.
• Set 3: Using all the white keys in C-D-E-F-G-A-B and F-G-A-B-C-D-E orders.

In this game, and the individual sets, there are three types of game pages:

• Big Game Pages
• Small Game Pages
• and Multi-Key Small Game Pages

The big game pages are 1 game grid per page using two keys, the small game pages are 4 game grids per page using two keys, and the multi-key games use different keys in each game grid.

Did you know you can earn TeachShare credit for reviewing and rating resources?! It's true! After you've purchased and used this resource, be sure to come back to share your feedback and you can receive TPT credit to use for future purchases!

Your support of a small business is greatly appreciated!

Catalog: MTP-TTK4-DG

© 2024 ZS Music Publishing. All Rights Reserved.